The flag of Indonesia (Indonesian: Bendera Indonesia), known as the "Merah-Putih," or "Red and White," features two horizontal stripes of equal width: a red stripe on top and a white stripe on the bottom. This simple and striking design is rich in symbolism. The red represents courage and valor, while the white represents purity and peace. Additionally, the flag's design is said to have been inspired by the banner of the Majapahit Empire, an influential historical kingdom in the Indonesian archipelago. The flag has been Indonesia's national emblem since its declaration of independence in 1945 and is a powerful representation of the nation's values, history, and aspirations for unity and peace.
| Proportion: | 2:3 |
|---|---|
| Adopted: | August 17, 1945 |
| Flag image: | Animated GIF (25 frames looped) |
| Flag emoji code: | 🇮🇩 |
The emblem of Indonesia, known as the "Garuda Pancasila," is a powerful and distinctive symbol. It prominently features the Garuda, a mythical bird in Hindu and Buddhist traditions, with its wings outstretched. The Garuda is a symbol of freedom, strength, and sovereignty. On the shield on Garuda's chest are a gold star, which is the common symbol of many religions in the country; a chain symbolizing the human generation; a banyan tree symbolizing the unity of the country; a wild bull symbolizing democracy; and rice and flax ears representing justice and livelihoods. The star also represents the principles of Pancasila, which are the foundation of Indonesia's philosophy and governance. The bird is holding a white stripe in its claws, which bears the national motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika," translating to "Unity in Diversity," symbolizing Indonesia's diverse culture and its commitment to national unity. The emblem is a visual representation of Indonesia's cultural richness, national identity, and the principles that guide the nation.
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is an intercontinental unitary sovereign state with some regions in Oceania, mainly located in Southeast Asia. Its capital is Jakarta, and its population is about 276.4 million (2021). According to its land and sea borders, it borders with Australia, China, East Timor, India, Malaysia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
| Capital and largest city: | Jakarta |
|---|---|
| Other major city: | Surabaya |
| Official language: | Indonesian |
| Region: | South-eastern Asia |
| Ethnic groups: | 40% Javanese, 16% Sundanese, 44% over 300 ethnic groups |
| Religions: | 87.2% Islam, 9.9% Christianity, 1.7% Hinduism, 0.7% Buddhism, 0.5% others |
| Nationality name: | Indonesian |
| Area: | 1,904,569 km² (735,358 sq mi) |
| Population: | 276.4 million (2021) |
| Country codes: | ID, IDN (ISO 3166) |
| Internet Top-Level Domain: | .id |
| Calling code: | +62 |
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